geopandas

# GeoPandas GeoPandas extends pandas to enable spatial operations on geometric types. It combines the capabilities of pandas and shapely for geospatial data analysis. ## Installation ```bash uv pip install geopandas ``` ### Optional Dependencies ```bash # For interactive maps uv pip install folium # For classification schemes in mapping uv pip install mapclassify # For faster I/O operations (2-4x speedup) uv pip install pyarrow # For PostGIS database support uv pip install psycopg2 uv pip install geoalchemy2 # For basemaps uv pip install contextily # For cartographic projections uv pip install cartopy ``` ## Quick Start ```python import geopandas as gpd # Read spatial data gdf = gpd.read_file("data.geojson") # Basic exploration print(gdf.head()) print(gdf.crs) print(gdf.geometry.geom_type) # Simple plot gdf.plot() # Reproject to different CRS gdf_projected = gdf.to_crs("EPSG:3857") # Calculate area (use projected CRS for accuracy) gdf_projected['area'] = gdf_projected.geometry.area # Save to file gdf.to_file("output.gpkg") ``` ## Core Concepts ### Data Structures - **GeoSeries**: Vector of geometries with spatial operations - **GeoDataFrame**: Tabular data structure with geometry column See [data-structures.md](references/data-structures.md) for details. ### Reading and Writing Data GeoPandas reads/writes multiple formats: Shapefile, GeoJSON, GeoPackage, PostGIS, Parquet. ```python # Read with filtering gdf = gpd.read_file("data.gpkg", bbox=(xmin, ymi...